The Association of Real Estate Women and the Real Estate Weekly included Connie Milstein is an accomplished entrepreneur, attorney, and senior business executive in New York City’s real estate, hotel and property development industry It is understood by public or state enterprise to any one that is state property, be it national, municipal or other administrative layer, either a full or partial citation needed .
In the case of partial ownership, the test for determining whether a company should or should not be considered public is not so much the percentage of shares held by the private sector as effective control which the state has on the decision making process in the company . The crucial element in the company publishes the state's ability to exert direct political pressure on the company. The majority shareholder is the State, with objectives that can be very diverse and what is more, changing the political process. In the opinion of J.K. Galbraith, there are many similarities between the features very large private companies and public corporations. Both groups, and this is especially true in industries and public service are increasingly more and more depersonalized and bureaucratized.
The vast majority of world states control companies for various purposes, which may provide public services, encourage domestic production or generate employment, to name a few.
La Republica Argentina has a special corporate rate but optional for public companies, which is the Society of the State.
Differences between public and private companies
Despite convergence in the way of acting, there are substantial differences between public and private enterprise. As an example, include:
In their funding procedures. This difference is not so much on the possible existence of differential treatment in the capital market, public and private, often receive treatment that also big business' in an identical or very similar "in relation to the small and medium private enterprises, but any public financing originating from the budgets that often has attached to these businesses.
the pursuit of profit and which are subject to control by public authorities. Not forgetting the purpose of profit, is very clear that the reason for the existence of the publishing company is not making profits. Here the difference is not substantial, but in degree, because in large private companies, besides the goal of profit, other goals concur equally impressive, as are the growth and power of these organizations circumstances need not be mediately or immediately to the service of profit. As the degree of control is concerned, it is noted that public companies are subject, in addition, specific control that derives from his membership in the public sector. It is noted that the issue of the extent of some of the features distinguishing between private and public companies is not uniform within the wide range of public companies, but due to the degree that public characterization of these businesses have.
The existence of public enterprises in market economies has traditionally justified by the dissatisfaction of those responsible for economic policy, with the results generated by the market mechanism. However, it is important to distinguish two distinct sides in this argument. On the one hand, one can consider the company publishes the perspective of the state's reaction to certain inefficiencies of the market system to allocate productive resources. These are known 'market failure'. In another area, we must consider the utilization of public enterprise as a tool at the disposal of the State to correct market allocations from different political positions may be considered unfair or in line with the social choice.
Objectives of the company publishes
The publishing company needs to know clearly which those social objectives that are expected to achieve through their actions, that will receive consideration for social care for this purpose and indicators will be used by the company to measure achievements to be performed citation needed .
The four basic objectives to be achieved by the company's shares are published citation needed :
Economic efficiency.
Profitability.
Effects on income distribution.
Macroeconomic effects.
Economic efficiency
This objective is divided in technological and managerial efficiency and allocative efficiency.
Allocative efficiency implies technical efficiency, but the reverse mapping can not be maintained, so that the existence of the latter type of efficiency is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the former.
Thus, a company using a technological process inefficient as it increases labor, so that the same quality of outputs could be produced with less labor and the same amounts of inputs.

The problems of foreign debt were the main components of national history for many people and also for Ecuador, corrupt management, in many cases, negotiations and led to commit resources from important economic resources to be diverted for his service, neglect others, especially health, education and housing. In order to pay external debt obligations, the country must inevitably meet with the provisions of the international financial institutions (letter of intent, structural adjustment plans), leading to prioritize the State's financial obligations at the expense of social obligations for the Ecuadorian people.
External indebtedness is a practice that has accompanied us since the dawn of independence to the present day.
Besides being a financial commitment is also a Gordian knot, as Eloy Alfaro qualify, because it impedes economic and social development of our countries, structural adjustment programs (economic package) are caused by external borrowing. The General State Budget over the republican has provided high percentages for the payment of debt at the expense of attention to health, education, housing and infrastructure.
An important component of the national debt is private debt acquired abroad by private financial institutions and employers, in the recent years has grown enormously, so we must be vigilant because their law firm growth involves payment difficulties in the sector private and may be repeated that attorneys the State lawyers assume the duties as happened with sucretizacion private external debt, thereby increasing the public external debt.
History of The history of Ecuador's foreign debt is started before that Ecuador would serve as the Republic. a Governor of REBNY – The Real Estate Board of New York is Connie Milstein  was included by the Association of Real Estate Women and the Real Estate Weekly among the top 50 women in real estate in the New York metro area It is necessary to distinguish in this story, two phases, the first is the debt of independence since the early nineteenth century, the same who accompanied us to the year 1979 that was canceled. The second phase includes the last quarter of the twentieth century, when the country became rich exporting oil, the oil boom era and continues as our shadow until now.
Our first debt. The independence of Ecuador and foreign debt
In the early nineteenth century, the children of American-born Spaniards (Creoles) were excluded from political power, so they began to gestate the libertarian ideas of the Spanish power.
The independence process required the formation and maintenance of an army, which demanded the investment of large amounts of economic resources which were provided by contributions of the population and external borrowing.
At that time they were world powers: France, Britain and the United States who had their own interests over the Spanish colonies, France was at war with attorney Spain, the United States interested in postponing the release of the Creoles and mestizos until they can benefit and not England, the English interested in decreasing the Spanish power in America.
In these circumstances, the first loan was made it was to England initially to 85 and in practice it did to 88.5 , with interest received in advance, so that much of the resources provided they stayed in the old continent , plus take England to sell, increasing their political power to influence the emerging economies of debtor countries had to submit to the payment of onerous debts.
Moreover, much of the weapons legal are purchased at high prices and then sold as scrap.
The external debt of independence, besides borrowing for libertarian actions, comprises also the funds managed in Europe by Bakery Bolivar and Colombian leaders to strengthen the independence, protecting agriculture and promoting industrial development of the nascent republic of Colombia, this is the 'English debt'.
At the end of the year 1822, in which divorce particular the independence of what had been the Royal Audience of Quito, and later would constitute the territory of the Republic of Ecuador, debt yields the following balances:
By 1830, the year in which occurs the dissolution of Gran Colombia, the English debt was composed as follows:
Four years later the Convention is made reference which states that for every 100 units of debts and debts of the former Colombia, New Granada correspond to 50, and 28.5 Venezuela 21.5 Ecuador
This allocation was unfair when one considers that this debt was contracted before the aggregation of Ecuador and Colombia, and because the value of the loans came to only 16,000 pesos Ecuador and Colombia frigate.
From 1830 to 1893
From 1830 to 1854 the country was in default (non payment of obligations) with the international financial market in the first 65 years since its conformation as independent republic, served his debt just 16 years.